The Chinese zodiac, also known as Shengxiao (生肖), is a 12-year cycle in which each year is represented by an animal and its reputed attributes. The 12 animals in order are Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Goat, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, and Pig. This system is deeply embedded in Chinese culture, influencing people’s personalities, relationships, and even career choices. But where did this intriguing tradition come from? The origin lies in an ancient and captivating myth.
According to Chinese folklore, the Jade Emperor — the ruler of Heaven — wanted to select 12 animals to serve as his guards. He decided to hold a race and proclaimed that the order in which the animals arrived at his palace would determine their position in the zodiac. All animals were invited to participate.
The Rat and the Cat, being clever but poor swimmers, decided to ride on the back of the Ox. Just before reaching the finish line, the Rat pushed the Cat off into the river and jumped ahead to arrive first, securing the first spot. The Ox followed, then the Tiger and Rabbit — both strong but slowed down by the river crossing. The Dragon, despite being able to fly, arrived fifth because he stopped to help villagers by making rain and assisting the Rabbit along the way.
The Snake, hiding in the Horse’s hoof, startled the Horse and claimed sixth place, with the Horse just behind. The Goat, Monkey, and Rooster worked together to cross a raft and arrived in the next three positions. The Dog, despite being a good swimmer, took a leisurely bath and came in eleventh. The Pig, slow and sleepy, came last after stopping for a meal and a nap.
The Cat, unfortunately, never made it to the finish line, which is why it is not part of the zodiac — and why, as legend goes, cats and rats have been enemies ever since.
This myth not only explains the order of the zodiac but also reflects valued traits in Chinese culture such as intelligence, teamwork, loyalty, and diligence. While the story is legend, the zodiac’s influence is very real, shaping traditions and beliefs that continue to thrive in Chinese communities around the world.
